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  • Among the thousands of commuters who pass daily over D.C.’s Chain Bridge, some may wonder; just where are the chains? <br />
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The chains haven’t been around since the actual chain-suspension bridge from which the name originated was overcome by storms and flooding in 1840, yet the name has stuck to every new bridge built to replace it since. But that is just one piece of Chain Bridge’s rich history. The span over which Chain Bridge is built is one of the oldest crossing routes in the vicinity of the capital. In fact, the wood covered bridge that was built here in 1797 was the very first bridge to span the Potomac River. This cycle of bridges being created and destroyed by the elements continued up to the Civil War, when the sixth chain bridge (a crossbeam truss design with no chains) played a vital role in the supply and movement of Union army encampments throughout fairfax county. Because of its close proximity to the capital, the bridge was heavily guarded by sentries and artillery throughout the war. While today’s (eighth and final, so far) chain bridge was built in 1939, it stands on the stone piers of the seventh chain bridge built shortly after the civil war in the early 1870’s.
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  • History is not just around you in Washington, you're most likely standing or driving on it as well. Take the bridge connecting Pennsylvania Avenue to Georgetown for example. This bridge doesn’t just carry traffic; it’s been carrying the very water Washingtonians drink and shower with since the Civil War. <br />
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Until the 1850’s, Pennsylvania avenue ended at Rock Creek, the only bridge into Georgetown being the M Street bridge. More importantly however, Georgetown and Washington had no clean or dependable water supply, relying instead on a mishmash of natural springs throughout the area that were often disease-ridden. After a fire in the Library of Congress destroyed over 30,000 books, funding was approved by Congress to build an effective water delivery system for the growing Capital. The project was overseen by Montgomery Meigs, who devised a massive, ambitious aqueduct system spanning from Great Falls to the Washington Navy Yard. Using open conduits, tunnels and bridges to transport the water via gravity through three separate reservoirs, the aqueduct was one of the first major water projects in the United States and was celebrated as an engineering marvel upon its completion after eight years of construction. The Pennsylvania avenue bridge is just one part of that elaborate water system, and was celebrated in its own right, with the aqueduct pipes simultaneously serving as the main support for the bridge itself. The superstructure of the old bridge was replaced with a stone facade as part of an expansion plan in 1916. However, the original pipes remain after 150 years; hidden behind the stone and underneath our tires.
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  • The Bay Lights shimmer on the cables of the San Francisco Bay Bridge as the moon shines overhead a partly cloudy night sky. San Francisco, CA.
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  • The lights of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge shimmer on the bay; as seen from pier 14 along the embarcadero.
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  • Lightning flashes across the sky over the Francis Scott Key Bridge. As seen from the overlook of the former Aqueduct Bridge. Washington, D.C.
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  • New River Gorge Bridge. Fayetteville, W.Va.
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  • New River Gorge Bridge. Fayetteville, W.Va.
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  • Misty night over the Gauley River, taken in the town of Gauley Bridge, West Virginia.
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  • The former Eastern Span of the Oakland Bay Bridge is seen at dusk from Yerba Buena Island. The current Eastern Span can be seen under construction at right.
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  • The old eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland bay bridge is seen on an overcast night. The now complete and current eastern span is seen in mid-construction. Photo taken from harbor of Yerba Buena/Treasure island
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  • San Mateo Bridge over the San Francisco Bay. California.
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  • Rocky Creek Bridge on Highway 1 is seen in the distance from along the shores of Garrapata state beach in Big Sur.
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  • A large umbrella shades a woman from the late afternoon sun as the Brooklyn Bridge looms overhead on the last day of Photoville along Brooklyn Bridge Plaza in New York City, NY. Produced by United Photo Industries, the free annual festival is a pop-up village built from re-purposed shipping containers that are filled with galleries and talks.
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  • The Golden Gate Bridge and San Francisco are seen just before dawn from Battery Spencer in the Marin Headlands.
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  • The last of the evening commute on Kutz Bridge in Washington, D.C. The Washington Monument is seen in background.
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  • Coronado Bridge. Coronado, CA
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  • The lights of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge shimmer on the bay as pier 14 is seen in the foreground from along the embarcadero.
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  • Sausalito and the Golden Gate Bridge shine at dusk. As seen from across Richardson Bay at the hippie tree.
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  • A person walks at dusk along Key Bridge into the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. As seen from Water Street below.
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  • The San Mateo bridge is seen as our airplane breaks through the fog flying into SFO.
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  • The lights of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge shimmer on the bay; as seen from pier 14 along the embarcadero.
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  • A boat is cast in shadow as it passes beneath the Arlington Memorial Bridge in the early morning hours on the Potomac River in Washington, DC.
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  • The scene over Lower Manhattan shortly after sundown, as seen from the pedestrian walkway of the Manhattan Bridge.
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  • The San Mateo bridge is seen as our airplane breaks through the fog flying into SFO.
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  • Inside a forest surrounding bulls bridge in Kent, CT.
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  • The famous Bixby Bridge is seen from a turnout in Big Sur.
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  • The stone piers on the left are what remains of the original B&O Railroad bridge which was burned in 1861 by Confederates before marching South to converge with other rebel units to defend an important railroad junction from Union capture. The battle of Bull Run (as it was called by the Union, Manassas by the Confederacy; Union battles were typically named after rivers and tributaries, whereas Confederates named them after nearby towns and railroads) would be the first major battle of the Civil War.
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  • Taken on the eve of the Bridge's 75th Birthday, and the incredible celebrations that followed. The city lights of San Francisco and Sutro Tower can be seen in the distance.
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  • Bixby Bridge is seen in the early morning from Hurricane Point. Big Sur, CA
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  • The John A. Roebling bridge is seen at blue hour as downtown Cincinnati looms in the background. As seen from the Covington, Kentucky side of the Ohio River.
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  • Bixby Bridge is seen at sunset from Hurricane Point. Big Sur, CA
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  • Downtown San Francisco is seen in the early morning from the Upper Terrace area near Twin Peaks. Visible landmarks include Market Street, the Castro Theater, City Hall, the Transamerica Pyramid and the San Francisco Bay Bridge.
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  • Downtown Cincinnati and the John A. Roebling suspension bridge are seen at dusk from across the Ohio River in Covington, KT.
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  • A group of friends hang out on a dock floating on the Willamette river across from downtown Portland. The Hawthorne bridge is at right.
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  • A full moon overhead illuminates the Potomac River and city of Alexandria, VA. As seen from the Woodrow Wilson Bridge.
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  • The Golden Gate Bridge is seen on the eve of the 75th anniversary of its completion from Fort Baker in Marin County.
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  • Downtown Nashville and the Cumberland Riverfront are seen from the John Seigenthaler pedestrian bridge.
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  • Downtown San Diego, the gaslamp quarter, and even the coronado bridge are seen from the top of the Manchester Grand Hyatt.
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  • Lightning flashes over the Potomac River in Washington, D.C.
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  • Chicano park is seen on the afternoon of July 02, 2015 in the Barrio Logan neighborhood of San Diego, CA.
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  • The tribute in light in Lower Manhattan is enshrouded behind fog on the tenth anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attacks. As seen from across the East River in Brooklyn.
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  • Sundown at McCovey Cove. San Francisco, CA
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  • People line the Potomac River to watch the annual fireworks display over the national mall on July 4th, 2016. While low clouds obscured a large portion of the display, those close to their launch point still enjoyed quite a show.
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  • Downtown San Diego from Harbor Island Drive. San Diego, CA
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  • The San Francisco skyline is seen after sunset from Potrero Hill. San Francisco, CA.
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  • The Transamerica pyramid and other buildings of downtown San Francisco disappear into the fog on a partially overcast day. As seen from Russian Hill.
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  • The San Francisco skyline is seen at night from Corona Heights in the Upper Terrace. San Francisco, CA
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  • Local Favorite burger joint Red's Java House is seen on an overcast night along the San Francisco Embarcadero. San Francisco, CA
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  • Coastal fog over the Marin Headlands descends into Sausalito, Mill Valley and Larkspur as the cities of San Francisco Bay shine in background. As seen from the Summit of Mount Tamalpais. Marin County, CA.
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  • Aquatic Park is seen at blue hour, just after sundown from one of the pedestrian piers. The Transamerica pyramid is adorned with its winter light, and Coit tower glows orange for the San Francisco Giants. San Francisco, CA.
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  • View from Hawks Nest Overlook. Near Ansted, West Virginia. The construction of the Hawks Nest tunnel nearby to support the hydroelectric dam below the overlook in the 1930's resulted in one of the worst industrial disasters in the nation's history, with large scale silicosis killing hundreds of the workers who worked to build it.
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  • Night over Waterfront Park. Alexandria, VA
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  • The L & N Pedestrian bridge and the Daniel Carter Beard bridge shimmer on the Ohio River at night, as seen from the Kentucky side.
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  • The L & N Pedestrian bridge and the Daniel Carter Beard bridge shimmer on the Ohio River at night, as seen from the Kentucky side.
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  • The arch is seen at dusk at natural bridges state beach in Santa Cruz, CA
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  • Manhattan Bridge. New York City, NY
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  • The San Francisco skyline and Bay Bridge are seen from Yerba Buena Island. San Francisco, CA.
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  • On the night of October 16th 1859 a party of 17 armed men led by the militant abolitionist John Brown crossed the Potomac River over the B&O railroad bridge to seize the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry and its stockpile of 100,000 rifles and muskets. With these weapons, Brown intended to facilitate an armed slave uprising that would begin in Virginia and move South along the Blue Ridge as word of the revolt spread. The raid was initially successful. Brown's men seized the railroad bridge, rounded up the town's watchmen, cut the telegraph wire and seized the arsenal complex (guarded by a single sentry) without incident. It all went downhill from there. <br />
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Brown's entire plan hinged on the assumption that slaves in the surrounding countryside would flock to him after receiving word of the raid. However, no slaves were made aware of the planned attack, and consequently Brown quickly found himself surrounded in the morning not by eager runaway slaves but by angry townspeople and militia. Volleys were exchanged and hostages taken as Brown and his men retreated into the Arsenal's engine house (known today as John Brown's Fort)  barricading themselves inside. <br />
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Meanwhile, An eastbound B&O train stopped by Brown's men earlier that morning was allowed to continue forward, whose conductor quickly wired a telegram reporting the raid to officials in Baltimore. In a matter of hours, Washington was alerted to the attack. President Buchanan dispatched a detachment of U.S. Marines led by Col. Robert E. Lee; future commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, to end the siege and capture John Brown. The Marines arrived in Harper's Ferry the next day. Brown refused to surrender himself in exchange for the lives of his remaining men, and the marines stormed the engine house to take Brown prisoner.
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  • Thousands of lightning bugs light up the New River Gorge as the New River Gorge bridge towers above. As seen from the Fayette Station Road bridge in Fayettevile, W.V., on June 19, 2019. (Craig Hudson/The Charleston Gazette-Mail via AP)
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  • The historic town of Harpers Ferry is illuminated from a full moon above; as seen from the edge of Maryland Heights.<br />
<br />
On the night of October 16th, 1859 a party of 17 armed men led by the militant abolitionist John Brown crossed the Potomac River over the B&O railroad bridge (the piers of which can be seen below at left) to seize the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry and its stockpile of 100,000 rifles and muskets. With these weapons, Brown intended to facilitate an armed slave uprising that would spread throughout the entire South. <br />
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While his raid failed, the news of John Brown's attempt was an earthquake that reverberated throughout the entire Union and split the fault line between North and South. denounced as a psychotic terrorist by Southerners, Brown was embraced by many Northern abolitionists as a martyr. This outpouring of support for Brown exasperated Southern suspicions of a yankee-abolitionist plot to subjugate the South under Northern control through emancipation; by force if necessary. Southern states, long fearful of slave revolts, revived the militia system to combat all future "John Browns" laying the foundation for what would become the Confederate Army. <br />
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On the morning of his execution, John Brown handed a note to one of his guards that would become prophetic: "I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood..." 16 months later, Confederate batteries in Charleston would open fire on Fort Sumter, and the bloody purge would begin.
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  • Looking south along the coastline from the summit of Mt. Tamilpais, one can see everything from the skyline of San Francisco to Ocean Beach and beyond. The towers of the Golden Gate Bridge can be seen poking above the coastal fog bank as well on most days.
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  • Hilarita is seen in the foreground while Sausalito can be seen across Richardson bay, and the Golden Gate Bridge and Sutro Tower can also be seen in the distance. Taken from Hippie Tree atop a hill.
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  • The San Francisco Bay Bridge, Ferry Building an the embarcadero are seen from the tip of pier 14 in San Francisco, California.
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  • Larrecsa Cox of Cabell County EMS hugs a client after setting up outpatient care for her and the client's significant other in Huntington, W.V., on Thursday, April 19, 2018. In Cabell County, where the opioid epidemic has ravaged the city of Huntington and surrounding communities, the number of EMS overdose responses has declined 36 percent between the first quarter of 2018 compared to 2017’s First quarter. This is due in part to the efforts of the county’s “quick response team”. Formed just last December, the team has made it their mission to bridge the divide between those with opioid use disorder and long term treatment; visiting every person treated for overdose within 72 hours to offer help. Of the 179 patients that the QRT has reached out to, over a third are now in long term treatment.
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  • Rays of light from the setting sun illuminate the ruins of Seneca Stone Cutting Mill.<br />
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Located on the banks of Seneca Creek and the Potomac River, Seneca Quarry provided Washington D.C. with a steady supply of sandstone that was both durable and beautiful for itís unique bright-crimson hue. This "Seneca redstone", finely cut and polished in this mill, is everywhere throughout the District, from the Smithsonian Castle, Cabin John Bridge, Arlington National Cemeteryís boundary wall and Luther Place Church in Thomas Circle to numerous houses throughout Dupont Circle and Adams Morgan. <br />
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Beginning in the 1870ís, The millís fortunes declined through financial mismanagement and flood damages. By the turn of the century the quality of the quarried stone had degraded significantly, and the victorian architecture that relied on material such as seneca redstone fell out of popularity. The Seneca quarry shut down operations for good in 1901, leaving the mill to crumble and decay.
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  • The San Francisco Bay area is seen at night from the Summit of Mount Tamalpais in Marin County. Fog blankets the majority of Sausalito, Marin City and Mill Valley below, as Oakland, Tiburon and the SF-Oakland Bay Bridge poke through the misty night.
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  • The San Francisco skyline and Bay Bridge are seen from Yerba Buena Island. San Francisco, CA.
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